Union Coverage and Profitability Among U .

This paper utilizes unique survey data on labor union coverage at the firm level to examine union effects on the profitability of 705 U.S. companies during the 1970s. Market value and earnings are estimated to be about 10-15 percent lower in an average unionized company than in a nonunion company, following extensive control for firm and industry characteristics. Deleterious union effects on firm profitability are sizable throughout the 1972-80 period, but vary considerably across industries. The relatively poor profit performance of unionized companies may help explain the recent decline in U.S. union membership. The author thanks the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research for financial support; Elizabeth Gregory for assistance with the union coverage survey; Zvi Griliches for providing access to the R&D Master File; Donald Deere, Terry Seaks, and anonymous referees for helpful suggestions; and seminar participants at Connecticut, Florida State, Harvard, Texas A&M, and William and Mary for comments on earlier versions of this research.